Commit 762244de by 赵增煜

代码初始化

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GitPython was originally written by Michael Trier.
GitPython 0.2 was partially (re)written by Sebastian Thiel, based on 0.1.6 and git-dulwich.
Contributors are:
-Michael Trier <mtrier _at_ gmail.com>
-Alan Briolat
-Florian Apolloner <florian _at_ apolloner.eu>
-David Aguilar <davvid _at_ gmail.com>
-Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer _at_ samba.org>
-Steve Frécinaux <code _at_ istique.net>
-Kai Lautaportti <kai _at_ lautaportti.fi>
-Paul Sowden <paul _at_ idontsmoke.co.uk>
-Sebastian Thiel <byronimo _at_ gmail.com>
-Jonathan Chu <jonathan.chu _at_ me.com>
-Vincent Driessen <me _at_ nvie.com>
-Phil Elson <pelson _dot_ pub _at_ gmail.com>
-Bernard `Guyzmo` Pratz <guyzmo+gitpython+pub@m0g.net>
-Timothy B. Hartman <tbhartman _at_ gmail.com>
-Konstantin Popov <konstantin.popov.89 _at_ yandex.ru>
-Peter Jones <pjones _at_ redhat.com>
-Anson Mansfield <anson.mansfield _at_ gmail.com>
-Ken Odegard <ken.odegard _at_ gmail.com>
-Alexis Horgix Chotard
-Piotr Babij <piotr.babij _at_ gmail.com>
-Mikuláš Poul <mikulaspoul _at_ gmail.com>
-Charles Bouchard-Légaré <cblegare.atl _at_ ntis.ca>
-Yaroslav Halchenko <debian _at_ onerussian.com>
-Tim Swast <swast _at_ google.com>
-William Luc Ritchie
-David Host <hostdm _at_ outlook.com>
-A. Jesse Jiryu Davis <jesse _at_ emptysquare.net>
-Steven Whitman <ninloot _at_ gmail.com>
-Stefan Stancu <stefan.stancu _at_ gmail.com>
-César Izurieta <cesar _at_ caih.org>
-Arthur Milchior <arthur _at_ milchior.fr>
-Anil Khatri <anil.soccer.khatri _at_ gmail.com>
-JJ Graham <thetwoj _at_ gmail.com>
-Ben Thayer <ben _at_ benthayer.com>
-Dries Kennes <admin _at_ dries007.net>
-Pratik Anurag <panurag247365 _at_ gmail.com>
-Harmon <harmon.public _at_ gmail.com>
-Liam Beguin <liambeguin _at_ gmail.com>
-Ram Rachum <ram _at_ rachum.com>
-Alba Mendez <me _at_ alba.sh>
-Robert Westman <robert _at_ byteflux.io>
-Hugo van Kemenade
-Hiroki Tokunaga <tokusan441 _at_ gmail.com>
-Julien Mauroy <pro.julien.mauroy _at_ gmail.com>
-Patrick Gerard
-Luke Twist <itsluketwist@gmail.com>
-Joseph Hale <me _at_ jhale.dev>
-Santos Gallegos <stsewd _at_ proton.me>
-Wenhan Zhu <wzhu.cosmos _at_ gmail.com>
-Eliah Kagan <eliah.kagan _at_ gmail.com>
-Ethan Lin <et.repositories _at_ gmail.com>
Portions derived from other open source works and are clearly marked.
Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Michael Trier and contributors
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of the GitPython project nor the names of
its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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Copyright 2010 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: MarkupSafe
Version: 2.1.5
Summary: Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup.
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/markupsafe/
Maintainer: Pallets
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Project-URL: Documentation, https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Changes, https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/changes/
Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/
Project-URL: Issue Tracker, https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/issues/
Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
Requires-Python: >=3.7
Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
License-File: LICENSE.rst
MarkupSafe
==========
MarkupSafe implements a text object that escapes characters so it is
safe to use in HTML and XML. Characters that have special meanings are
replaced so that they display as the actual characters. This mitigates
injection attacks, meaning untrusted user input can safely be displayed
on a page.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U MarkupSafe
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/getting-started/
Examples
--------
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> from markupsafe import Markup, escape
>>> # escape replaces special characters and wraps in Markup
>>> escape("<script>alert(document.cookie);</script>")
Markup('&lt;script&gt;alert(document.cookie);&lt;/script&gt;')
>>> # wrap in Markup to mark text "safe" and prevent escaping
>>> Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>")
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
>>> escape(Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>"))
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
>>> # Markup is a str subclass
>>> # methods and operators escape their arguments
>>> template = Markup("Hello <em>{name}</em>")
>>> template.format(name='"World"')
Markup('Hello <em>&#34;World&#34;</em>')
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports MarkupSafe and other
popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and
users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects,
`please donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Links
-----
- Documentation: https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/
- Changes: https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/changes/
- PyPI Releases: https://pypi.org/project/MarkupSafe/
- Source Code: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/
- Issue Tracker: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/issues/
- Chat: https://discord.gg/pallets
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#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# bitmap distribution font (bdf) file parser
#
# history:
# 1996-05-16 fl created (as bdf2pil)
# 1997-08-25 fl converted to FontFile driver
# 2001-05-25 fl removed bogus __init__ call
# 2002-11-20 fl robustification (from Kevin Cazabon, Dmitry Vasiliev)
# 2003-04-22 fl more robustification (from Graham Dumpleton)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
Parse X Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF)
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import BinaryIO
from . import FontFile, Image
bdf_slant = {
"R": "Roman",
"I": "Italic",
"O": "Oblique",
"RI": "Reverse Italic",
"RO": "Reverse Oblique",
"OT": "Other",
}
bdf_spacing = {"P": "Proportional", "M": "Monospaced", "C": "Cell"}
def bdf_char(
f: BinaryIO,
) -> (
tuple[
str,
int,
tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int, int]],
Image.Image,
]
| None
):
# skip to STARTCHAR
while True:
s = f.readline()
if not s:
return None
if s[:9] == b"STARTCHAR":
break
id = s[9:].strip().decode("ascii")
# load symbol properties
props = {}
while True:
s = f.readline()
if not s or s[:6] == b"BITMAP":
break
i = s.find(b" ")
props[s[:i].decode("ascii")] = s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii")
# load bitmap
bitmap = bytearray()
while True:
s = f.readline()
if not s or s[:7] == b"ENDCHAR":
break
bitmap += s[:-1]
# The word BBX
# followed by the width in x (BBw), height in y (BBh),
# and x and y displacement (BBxoff0, BByoff0)
# of the lower left corner from the origin of the character.
width, height, x_disp, y_disp = (int(p) for p in props["BBX"].split())
# The word DWIDTH
# followed by the width in x and y of the character in device pixels.
dwx, dwy = (int(p) for p in props["DWIDTH"].split())
bbox = (
(dwx, dwy),
(x_disp, -y_disp - height, width + x_disp, -y_disp),
(0, 0, width, height),
)
try:
im = Image.frombytes("1", (width, height), bitmap, "hex", "1")
except ValueError:
# deal with zero-width characters
im = Image.new("1", (width, height))
return id, int(props["ENCODING"]), bbox, im
class BdfFontFile(FontFile.FontFile):
"""Font file plugin for the X11 BDF format."""
def __init__(self, fp: BinaryIO) -> None:
super().__init__()
s = fp.readline()
if s[:13] != b"STARTFONT 2.1":
msg = "not a valid BDF file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
props = {}
comments = []
while True:
s = fp.readline()
if not s or s[:13] == b"ENDPROPERTIES":
break
i = s.find(b" ")
props[s[:i].decode("ascii")] = s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii")
if s[:i] in [b"COMMENT", b"COPYRIGHT"]:
if s.find(b"LogicalFontDescription") < 0:
comments.append(s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii"))
while True:
c = bdf_char(fp)
if not c:
break
id, ch, (xy, dst, src), im = c
if 0 <= ch < len(self.glyph):
self.glyph[ch] = xy, dst, src, im
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# BUFR stub adapter
#
# Copyright (c) 1996-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import IO
from . import Image, ImageFile
_handler = None
def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler | None) -> None:
"""
Install application-specific BUFR image handler.
:param handler: Handler object.
"""
global _handler
_handler = handler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Image adapter
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return prefix[:4] == b"BUFR" or prefix[:4] == b"ZCZC"
class BufrStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
format = "BUFR"
format_description = "BUFR"
def _open(self) -> None:
offset = self.fp.tell()
if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
msg = "Not a BUFR file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
self.fp.seek(offset)
# make something up
self._mode = "F"
self._size = 1, 1
loader = self._load()
if loader:
loader.open(self)
def _load(self) -> ImageFile.StubHandler | None:
return _handler
def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
if _handler is None or not hasattr(_handler, "save"):
msg = "BUFR save handler not installed"
raise OSError(msg)
_handler.save(im, fp, filename)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(BufrStubImageFile.format, BufrStubImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(BufrStubImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(BufrStubImageFile.format, ".bufr")
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# a class to read from a container file
#
# History:
# 1995-06-18 fl Created
# 1995-09-07 fl Added readline(), readlines()
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1995 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import io
from typing import IO, AnyStr, Generic, Literal
class ContainerIO(Generic[AnyStr]):
"""
A file object that provides read access to a part of an existing
file (for example a TAR file).
"""
def __init__(self, file: IO[AnyStr], offset: int, length: int) -> None:
"""
Create file object.
:param file: Existing file.
:param offset: Start of region, in bytes.
:param length: Size of region, in bytes.
"""
self.fh: IO[AnyStr] = file
self.pos = 0
self.offset = offset
self.length = length
self.fh.seek(offset)
##
# Always false.
def isatty(self) -> bool:
return False
def seek(self, offset: int, mode: Literal[0, 1, 2] = io.SEEK_SET) -> None:
"""
Move file pointer.
:param offset: Offset in bytes.
:param mode: Starting position. Use 0 for beginning of region, 1
for current offset, and 2 for end of region. You cannot move
the pointer outside the defined region.
"""
if mode == 1:
self.pos = self.pos + offset
elif mode == 2:
self.pos = self.length + offset
else:
self.pos = offset
# clamp
self.pos = max(0, min(self.pos, self.length))
self.fh.seek(self.offset + self.pos)
def tell(self) -> int:
"""
Get current file pointer.
:returns: Offset from start of region, in bytes.
"""
return self.pos
def read(self, n: int = 0) -> AnyStr:
"""
Read data.
:param n: Number of bytes to read. If omitted or zero,
read until end of region.
:returns: An 8-bit string.
"""
if n:
n = min(n, self.length - self.pos)
else:
n = self.length - self.pos
if not n: # EOF
return b"" if "b" in self.fh.mode else "" # type: ignore[return-value]
self.pos = self.pos + n
return self.fh.read(n)
def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
"""
Read a line of text.
:returns: An 8-bit string.
"""
s: AnyStr = b"" if "b" in self.fh.mode else "" # type: ignore[assignment]
newline_character = b"\n" if "b" in self.fh.mode else "\n"
while True:
c = self.read(1)
if not c:
break
s = s + c
if c == newline_character:
break
return s
def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
"""
Read multiple lines of text.
:returns: A list of 8-bit strings.
"""
lines = []
while True:
s = self.readline()
if not s:
break
lines.append(s)
return lines
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# Windows Cursor support for PIL
#
# notes:
# uses BmpImagePlugin.py to read the bitmap data.
#
# history:
# 96-05-27 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from . import BmpImagePlugin, Image
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import i32le as i32
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return prefix[:4] == b"\0\0\2\0"
##
# Image plugin for Windows Cursor files.
class CurImageFile(BmpImagePlugin.BmpImageFile):
format = "CUR"
format_description = "Windows Cursor"
def _open(self) -> None:
offset = self.fp.tell()
# check magic
s = self.fp.read(6)
if not _accept(s):
msg = "not a CUR file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
# pick the largest cursor in the file
m = b""
for i in range(i16(s, 4)):
s = self.fp.read(16)
if not m:
m = s
elif s[0] > m[0] and s[1] > m[1]:
m = s
if not m:
msg = "No cursors were found"
raise TypeError(msg)
# load as bitmap
self._bitmap(i32(m, 12) + offset)
# patch up the bitmap height
self._size = self.size[0], self.size[1] // 2
d, e, o, a = self.tile[0]
self.tile[0] = d, (0, 0) + self.size, o, a
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(CurImageFile.format, CurImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(CurImageFile.format, ".cur")
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# DCX file handling
#
# DCX is a container file format defined by Intel, commonly used
# for fax applications. Each DCX file consists of a directory
# (a list of file offsets) followed by a set of (usually 1-bit)
# PCX files.
#
# History:
# 1995-09-09 fl Created
# 1996-03-20 fl Properly derived from PcxImageFile.
# 1998-07-15 fl Renamed offset attribute to avoid name clash
# 2002-07-30 fl Fixed file handling
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-98 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1995-96 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from . import Image
from ._binary import i32le as i32
from .PcxImagePlugin import PcxImageFile
MAGIC = 0x3ADE68B1 # QUIZ: what's this value, then?
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return len(prefix) >= 4 and i32(prefix) == MAGIC
##
# Image plugin for the Intel DCX format.
class DcxImageFile(PcxImageFile):
format = "DCX"
format_description = "Intel DCX"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self) -> None:
# Header
s = self.fp.read(4)
if not _accept(s):
msg = "not a DCX file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
# Component directory
self._offset = []
for i in range(1024):
offset = i32(self.fp.read(4))
if not offset:
break
self._offset.append(offset)
self._fp = self.fp
self.frame = -1
self.n_frames = len(self._offset)
self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
self.seek(0)
def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
self.frame = frame
self.fp = self._fp
self.fp.seek(self._offset[frame])
PcxImageFile._open(self)
def tell(self) -> int:
return self.frame
Image.register_open(DcxImageFile.format, DcxImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(DcxImageFile.format, ".dcx")
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# EXIF tags
#
# Copyright (c) 2003 by Secret Labs AB
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
This module provides constants and clear-text names for various
well-known EXIF tags.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from enum import IntEnum
class Base(IntEnum):
# possibly incomplete
InteropIndex = 0x0001
ProcessingSoftware = 0x000B
NewSubfileType = 0x00FE
SubfileType = 0x00FF
ImageWidth = 0x0100
ImageLength = 0x0101
BitsPerSample = 0x0102
Compression = 0x0103
PhotometricInterpretation = 0x0106
Thresholding = 0x0107
CellWidth = 0x0108
CellLength = 0x0109
FillOrder = 0x010A
DocumentName = 0x010D
ImageDescription = 0x010E
Make = 0x010F
Model = 0x0110
StripOffsets = 0x0111
Orientation = 0x0112
SamplesPerPixel = 0x0115
RowsPerStrip = 0x0116
StripByteCounts = 0x0117
MinSampleValue = 0x0118
MaxSampleValue = 0x0119
XResolution = 0x011A
YResolution = 0x011B
PlanarConfiguration = 0x011C
PageName = 0x011D
FreeOffsets = 0x0120
FreeByteCounts = 0x0121
GrayResponseUnit = 0x0122
GrayResponseCurve = 0x0123
T4Options = 0x0124
T6Options = 0x0125
ResolutionUnit = 0x0128
PageNumber = 0x0129
TransferFunction = 0x012D
Software = 0x0131
DateTime = 0x0132
Artist = 0x013B
HostComputer = 0x013C
Predictor = 0x013D
WhitePoint = 0x013E
PrimaryChromaticities = 0x013F
ColorMap = 0x0140
HalftoneHints = 0x0141
TileWidth = 0x0142
TileLength = 0x0143
TileOffsets = 0x0144
TileByteCounts = 0x0145
SubIFDs = 0x014A
InkSet = 0x014C
InkNames = 0x014D
NumberOfInks = 0x014E
DotRange = 0x0150
TargetPrinter = 0x0151
ExtraSamples = 0x0152
SampleFormat = 0x0153
SMinSampleValue = 0x0154
SMaxSampleValue = 0x0155
TransferRange = 0x0156
ClipPath = 0x0157
XClipPathUnits = 0x0158
YClipPathUnits = 0x0159
Indexed = 0x015A
JPEGTables = 0x015B
OPIProxy = 0x015F
JPEGProc = 0x0200
JpegIFOffset = 0x0201
JpegIFByteCount = 0x0202
JpegRestartInterval = 0x0203
JpegLosslessPredictors = 0x0205
JpegPointTransforms = 0x0206
JpegQTables = 0x0207
JpegDCTables = 0x0208
JpegACTables = 0x0209
YCbCrCoefficients = 0x0211
YCbCrSubSampling = 0x0212
YCbCrPositioning = 0x0213
ReferenceBlackWhite = 0x0214
XMLPacket = 0x02BC
RelatedImageFileFormat = 0x1000
RelatedImageWidth = 0x1001
RelatedImageLength = 0x1002
Rating = 0x4746
RatingPercent = 0x4749
ImageID = 0x800D
CFARepeatPatternDim = 0x828D
BatteryLevel = 0x828F
Copyright = 0x8298
ExposureTime = 0x829A
FNumber = 0x829D
IPTCNAA = 0x83BB
ImageResources = 0x8649
ExifOffset = 0x8769
InterColorProfile = 0x8773
ExposureProgram = 0x8822
SpectralSensitivity = 0x8824
GPSInfo = 0x8825
ISOSpeedRatings = 0x8827
OECF = 0x8828
Interlace = 0x8829
TimeZoneOffset = 0x882A
SelfTimerMode = 0x882B
SensitivityType = 0x8830
StandardOutputSensitivity = 0x8831
RecommendedExposureIndex = 0x8832
ISOSpeed = 0x8833
ISOSpeedLatitudeyyy = 0x8834
ISOSpeedLatitudezzz = 0x8835
ExifVersion = 0x9000
DateTimeOriginal = 0x9003
DateTimeDigitized = 0x9004
OffsetTime = 0x9010
OffsetTimeOriginal = 0x9011
OffsetTimeDigitized = 0x9012
ComponentsConfiguration = 0x9101
CompressedBitsPerPixel = 0x9102
ShutterSpeedValue = 0x9201
ApertureValue = 0x9202
BrightnessValue = 0x9203
ExposureBiasValue = 0x9204
MaxApertureValue = 0x9205
SubjectDistance = 0x9206
MeteringMode = 0x9207
LightSource = 0x9208
Flash = 0x9209
FocalLength = 0x920A
Noise = 0x920D
ImageNumber = 0x9211
SecurityClassification = 0x9212
ImageHistory = 0x9213
TIFFEPStandardID = 0x9216
MakerNote = 0x927C
UserComment = 0x9286
SubsecTime = 0x9290
SubsecTimeOriginal = 0x9291
SubsecTimeDigitized = 0x9292
AmbientTemperature = 0x9400
Humidity = 0x9401
Pressure = 0x9402
WaterDepth = 0x9403
Acceleration = 0x9404
CameraElevationAngle = 0x9405
XPTitle = 0x9C9B
XPComment = 0x9C9C
XPAuthor = 0x9C9D
XPKeywords = 0x9C9E
XPSubject = 0x9C9F
FlashPixVersion = 0xA000
ColorSpace = 0xA001
ExifImageWidth = 0xA002
ExifImageHeight = 0xA003
RelatedSoundFile = 0xA004
ExifInteroperabilityOffset = 0xA005
FlashEnergy = 0xA20B
SpatialFrequencyResponse = 0xA20C
FocalPlaneXResolution = 0xA20E
FocalPlaneYResolution = 0xA20F
FocalPlaneResolutionUnit = 0xA210
SubjectLocation = 0xA214
ExposureIndex = 0xA215
SensingMethod = 0xA217
FileSource = 0xA300
SceneType = 0xA301
CFAPattern = 0xA302
CustomRendered = 0xA401
ExposureMode = 0xA402
WhiteBalance = 0xA403
DigitalZoomRatio = 0xA404
FocalLengthIn35mmFilm = 0xA405
SceneCaptureType = 0xA406
GainControl = 0xA407
Contrast = 0xA408
Saturation = 0xA409
Sharpness = 0xA40A
DeviceSettingDescription = 0xA40B
SubjectDistanceRange = 0xA40C
ImageUniqueID = 0xA420
CameraOwnerName = 0xA430
BodySerialNumber = 0xA431
LensSpecification = 0xA432
LensMake = 0xA433
LensModel = 0xA434
LensSerialNumber = 0xA435
CompositeImage = 0xA460
CompositeImageCount = 0xA461
CompositeImageExposureTimes = 0xA462
Gamma = 0xA500
PrintImageMatching = 0xC4A5
DNGVersion = 0xC612
DNGBackwardVersion = 0xC613
UniqueCameraModel = 0xC614
LocalizedCameraModel = 0xC615
CFAPlaneColor = 0xC616
CFALayout = 0xC617
LinearizationTable = 0xC618
BlackLevelRepeatDim = 0xC619
BlackLevel = 0xC61A
BlackLevelDeltaH = 0xC61B
BlackLevelDeltaV = 0xC61C
WhiteLevel = 0xC61D
DefaultScale = 0xC61E
DefaultCropOrigin = 0xC61F
DefaultCropSize = 0xC620
ColorMatrix1 = 0xC621
ColorMatrix2 = 0xC622
CameraCalibration1 = 0xC623
CameraCalibration2 = 0xC624
ReductionMatrix1 = 0xC625
ReductionMatrix2 = 0xC626
AnalogBalance = 0xC627
AsShotNeutral = 0xC628
AsShotWhiteXY = 0xC629
BaselineExposure = 0xC62A
BaselineNoise = 0xC62B
BaselineSharpness = 0xC62C
BayerGreenSplit = 0xC62D
LinearResponseLimit = 0xC62E
CameraSerialNumber = 0xC62F
LensInfo = 0xC630
ChromaBlurRadius = 0xC631
AntiAliasStrength = 0xC632
ShadowScale = 0xC633
DNGPrivateData = 0xC634
MakerNoteSafety = 0xC635
CalibrationIlluminant1 = 0xC65A
CalibrationIlluminant2 = 0xC65B
BestQualityScale = 0xC65C
RawDataUniqueID = 0xC65D
OriginalRawFileName = 0xC68B
OriginalRawFileData = 0xC68C
ActiveArea = 0xC68D
MaskedAreas = 0xC68E
AsShotICCProfile = 0xC68F
AsShotPreProfileMatrix = 0xC690
CurrentICCProfile = 0xC691
CurrentPreProfileMatrix = 0xC692
ColorimetricReference = 0xC6BF
CameraCalibrationSignature = 0xC6F3
ProfileCalibrationSignature = 0xC6F4
AsShotProfileName = 0xC6F6
NoiseReductionApplied = 0xC6F7
ProfileName = 0xC6F8
ProfileHueSatMapDims = 0xC6F9
ProfileHueSatMapData1 = 0xC6FA
ProfileHueSatMapData2 = 0xC6FB
ProfileToneCurve = 0xC6FC
ProfileEmbedPolicy = 0xC6FD
ProfileCopyright = 0xC6FE
ForwardMatrix1 = 0xC714
ForwardMatrix2 = 0xC715
PreviewApplicationName = 0xC716
PreviewApplicationVersion = 0xC717
PreviewSettingsName = 0xC718
PreviewSettingsDigest = 0xC719
PreviewColorSpace = 0xC71A
PreviewDateTime = 0xC71B
RawImageDigest = 0xC71C
OriginalRawFileDigest = 0xC71D
SubTileBlockSize = 0xC71E
RowInterleaveFactor = 0xC71F
ProfileLookTableDims = 0xC725
ProfileLookTableData = 0xC726
OpcodeList1 = 0xC740
OpcodeList2 = 0xC741
OpcodeList3 = 0xC74E
NoiseProfile = 0xC761
"""Maps EXIF tags to tag names."""
TAGS = {
**{i.value: i.name for i in Base},
0x920C: "SpatialFrequencyResponse",
0x9214: "SubjectLocation",
0x9215: "ExposureIndex",
0x828E: "CFAPattern",
0x920B: "FlashEnergy",
0x9216: "TIFF/EPStandardID",
}
class GPS(IntEnum):
GPSVersionID = 0
GPSLatitudeRef = 1
GPSLatitude = 2
GPSLongitudeRef = 3
GPSLongitude = 4
GPSAltitudeRef = 5
GPSAltitude = 6
GPSTimeStamp = 7
GPSSatellites = 8
GPSStatus = 9
GPSMeasureMode = 10
GPSDOP = 11
GPSSpeedRef = 12
GPSSpeed = 13
GPSTrackRef = 14
GPSTrack = 15
GPSImgDirectionRef = 16
GPSImgDirection = 17
GPSMapDatum = 18
GPSDestLatitudeRef = 19
GPSDestLatitude = 20
GPSDestLongitudeRef = 21
GPSDestLongitude = 22
GPSDestBearingRef = 23
GPSDestBearing = 24
GPSDestDistanceRef = 25
GPSDestDistance = 26
GPSProcessingMethod = 27
GPSAreaInformation = 28
GPSDateStamp = 29
GPSDifferential = 30
GPSHPositioningError = 31
"""Maps EXIF GPS tags to tag names."""
GPSTAGS = {i.value: i.name for i in GPS}
class Interop(IntEnum):
InteropIndex = 1
InteropVersion = 2
RelatedImageFileFormat = 4096
RelatedImageWidth = 4097
RelatedImageHeight = 4098
class IFD(IntEnum):
Exif = 34665
GPSInfo = 34853
Makernote = 37500
Interop = 40965
IFD1 = -1
class LightSource(IntEnum):
Unknown = 0
Daylight = 1
Fluorescent = 2
Tungsten = 3
Flash = 4
Fine = 9
Cloudy = 10
Shade = 11
DaylightFluorescent = 12
DayWhiteFluorescent = 13
CoolWhiteFluorescent = 14
WhiteFluorescent = 15
StandardLightA = 17
StandardLightB = 18
StandardLightC = 19
D55 = 20
D65 = 21
D75 = 22
D50 = 23
ISO = 24
Other = 255
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# FITS file handling
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import gzip
import math
from . import Image, ImageFile
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return prefix[:6] == b"SIMPLE"
class FitsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "FITS"
format_description = "FITS"
def _open(self) -> None:
assert self.fp is not None
headers: dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
header_in_progress = False
decoder_name = ""
while True:
header = self.fp.read(80)
if not header:
msg = "Truncated FITS file"
raise OSError(msg)
keyword = header[:8].strip()
if keyword in (b"SIMPLE", b"XTENSION"):
header_in_progress = True
elif headers and not header_in_progress:
# This is now a data unit
break
elif keyword == b"END":
# Seek to the end of the header unit
self.fp.seek(math.ceil(self.fp.tell() / 2880) * 2880)
if not decoder_name:
decoder_name, offset, args = self._parse_headers(headers)
header_in_progress = False
continue
if decoder_name:
# Keep going to read past the headers
continue
value = header[8:].split(b"/")[0].strip()
if value.startswith(b"="):
value = value[1:].strip()
if not headers and (not _accept(keyword) or value != b"T"):
msg = "Not a FITS file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
headers[keyword] = value
if not decoder_name:
msg = "No image data"
raise ValueError(msg)
offset += self.fp.tell() - 80
self.tile = [(decoder_name, (0, 0) + self.size, offset, args)]
def _get_size(
self, headers: dict[bytes, bytes], prefix: bytes
) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
naxis = int(headers[prefix + b"NAXIS"])
if naxis == 0:
return None
if naxis == 1:
return 1, int(headers[prefix + b"NAXIS1"])
else:
return int(headers[prefix + b"NAXIS1"]), int(headers[prefix + b"NAXIS2"])
def _parse_headers(
self, headers: dict[bytes, bytes]
) -> tuple[str, int, tuple[str | int, ...]]:
prefix = b""
decoder_name = "raw"
offset = 0
if (
headers.get(b"XTENSION") == b"'BINTABLE'"
and headers.get(b"ZIMAGE") == b"T"
and headers[b"ZCMPTYPE"] == b"'GZIP_1 '"
):
no_prefix_size = self._get_size(headers, prefix) or (0, 0)
number_of_bits = int(headers[b"BITPIX"])
offset = no_prefix_size[0] * no_prefix_size[1] * (number_of_bits // 8)
prefix = b"Z"
decoder_name = "fits_gzip"
size = self._get_size(headers, prefix)
if not size:
return "", 0, ()
self._size = size
number_of_bits = int(headers[prefix + b"BITPIX"])
if number_of_bits == 8:
self._mode = "L"
elif number_of_bits == 16:
self._mode = "I;16"
elif number_of_bits == 32:
self._mode = "I"
elif number_of_bits in (-32, -64):
self._mode = "F"
args: tuple[str | int, ...]
if decoder_name == "raw":
args = (self.mode, 0, -1)
else:
args = (number_of_bits,)
return decoder_name, offset, args
class FitsGzipDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
_pulls_fd = True
def decode(self, buffer: bytes) -> tuple[int, int]:
assert self.fd is not None
value = gzip.decompress(self.fd.read())
rows = []
offset = 0
number_of_bits = min(self.args[0] // 8, 4)
for y in range(self.state.ysize):
row = bytearray()
for x in range(self.state.xsize):
row += value[offset + (4 - number_of_bits) : offset + 4]
offset += 4
rows.append(row)
self.set_as_raw(bytes([pixel for row in rows[::-1] for pixel in row]))
return -1, 0
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(FitsImageFile.format, FitsImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_decoder("fits_gzip", FitsGzipDecoder)
Image.register_extensions(FitsImageFile.format, [".fit", ".fits"])
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# FLI/FLC file handling.
#
# History:
# 95-09-01 fl Created
# 97-01-03 fl Fixed parser, setup decoder tile
# 98-07-15 fl Renamed offset attribute to avoid name clash
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-98.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1995-97.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import os
from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette
from ._binary import i16le as i16
from ._binary import i32le as i32
from ._binary import o8
#
# decoder
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return (
len(prefix) >= 6
and i16(prefix, 4) in [0xAF11, 0xAF12]
and i16(prefix, 14) in [0, 3] # flags
)
##
# Image plugin for the FLI/FLC animation format. Use the <b>seek</b>
# method to load individual frames.
class FliImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "FLI"
format_description = "Autodesk FLI/FLC Animation"
_close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
def _open(self):
# HEAD
s = self.fp.read(128)
if not (_accept(s) and s[20:22] == b"\x00\x00"):
msg = "not an FLI/FLC file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
# frames
self.n_frames = i16(s, 6)
self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
# image characteristics
self._mode = "P"
self._size = i16(s, 8), i16(s, 10)
# animation speed
duration = i32(s, 16)
magic = i16(s, 4)
if magic == 0xAF11:
duration = (duration * 1000) // 70
self.info["duration"] = duration
# look for palette
palette = [(a, a, a) for a in range(256)]
s = self.fp.read(16)
self.__offset = 128
if i16(s, 4) == 0xF100:
# prefix chunk; ignore it
self.__offset = self.__offset + i32(s)
self.fp.seek(self.__offset)
s = self.fp.read(16)
if i16(s, 4) == 0xF1FA:
# look for palette chunk
number_of_subchunks = i16(s, 6)
chunk_size = None
for _ in range(number_of_subchunks):
if chunk_size is not None:
self.fp.seek(chunk_size - 6, os.SEEK_CUR)
s = self.fp.read(6)
chunk_type = i16(s, 4)
if chunk_type in (4, 11):
self._palette(palette, 2 if chunk_type == 11 else 0)
break
chunk_size = i32(s)
if not chunk_size:
break
palette = [o8(r) + o8(g) + o8(b) for (r, g, b) in palette]
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", b"".join(palette))
# set things up to decode first frame
self.__frame = -1
self._fp = self.fp
self.__rewind = self.fp.tell()
self.seek(0)
def _palette(self, palette, shift):
# load palette
i = 0
for e in range(i16(self.fp.read(2))):
s = self.fp.read(2)
i = i + s[0]
n = s[1]
if n == 0:
n = 256
s = self.fp.read(n * 3)
for n in range(0, len(s), 3):
r = s[n] << shift
g = s[n + 1] << shift
b = s[n + 2] << shift
palette[i] = (r, g, b)
i += 1
def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
if not self._seek_check(frame):
return
if frame < self.__frame:
self._seek(0)
for f in range(self.__frame + 1, frame + 1):
self._seek(f)
def _seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
if frame == 0:
self.__frame = -1
self._fp.seek(self.__rewind)
self.__offset = 128
else:
# ensure that the previous frame was loaded
self.load()
if frame != self.__frame + 1:
msg = f"cannot seek to frame {frame}"
raise ValueError(msg)
self.__frame = frame
# move to next frame
self.fp = self._fp
self.fp.seek(self.__offset)
s = self.fp.read(4)
if not s:
msg = "missing frame size"
raise EOFError(msg)
framesize = i32(s)
self.decodermaxblock = framesize
self.tile = [("fli", (0, 0) + self.size, self.__offset, None)]
self.__offset += framesize
def tell(self) -> int:
return self.__frame
#
# registry
Image.register_open(FliImageFile.format, FliImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extensions(FliImageFile.format, [".fli", ".flc"])
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# base class for raster font file parsers
#
# history:
# 1997-06-05 fl created
# 1997-08-19 fl restrict image width
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-1998 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1997-1998 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import os
from typing import BinaryIO
from . import Image, _binary
WIDTH = 800
def puti16(
fp: BinaryIO, values: tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int]
) -> None:
"""Write network order (big-endian) 16-bit sequence"""
for v in values:
if v < 0:
v += 65536
fp.write(_binary.o16be(v))
class FontFile:
"""Base class for raster font file handlers."""
bitmap: Image.Image | None = None
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.info: dict[bytes, bytes | int] = {}
self.glyph: list[
tuple[
tuple[int, int],
tuple[int, int, int, int],
tuple[int, int, int, int],
Image.Image,
]
| None
] = [None] * 256
def __getitem__(self, ix: int) -> (
tuple[
tuple[int, int],
tuple[int, int, int, int],
tuple[int, int, int, int],
Image.Image,
]
| None
):
return self.glyph[ix]
def compile(self) -> None:
"""Create metrics and bitmap"""
if self.bitmap:
return
# create bitmap large enough to hold all data
h = w = maxwidth = 0
lines = 1
for glyph in self.glyph:
if glyph:
d, dst, src, im = glyph
h = max(h, src[3] - src[1])
w = w + (src[2] - src[0])
if w > WIDTH:
lines += 1
w = src[2] - src[0]
maxwidth = max(maxwidth, w)
xsize = maxwidth
ysize = lines * h
if xsize == 0 and ysize == 0:
return
self.ysize = h
# paste glyphs into bitmap
self.bitmap = Image.new("1", (xsize, ysize))
self.metrics: list[
tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int, int]]
| None
] = [None] * 256
x = y = 0
for i in range(256):
glyph = self[i]
if glyph:
d, dst, src, im = glyph
xx = src[2] - src[0]
x0, y0 = x, y
x = x + xx
if x > WIDTH:
x, y = 0, y + h
x0, y0 = x, y
x = xx
s = src[0] + x0, src[1] + y0, src[2] + x0, src[3] + y0
self.bitmap.paste(im.crop(src), s)
self.metrics[i] = d, dst, s
def save(self, filename: str) -> None:
"""Save font"""
self.compile()
# font data
if not self.bitmap:
msg = "No bitmap created"
raise ValueError(msg)
self.bitmap.save(os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".pbm", "PNG")
# font metrics
with open(os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".pil", "wb") as fp:
fp.write(b"PILfont\n")
fp.write(f";;;;;;{self.ysize};\n".encode("ascii")) # HACK!!!
fp.write(b"DATA\n")
for id in range(256):
m = self.metrics[id]
if not m:
puti16(fp, (0,) * 10)
else:
puti16(fp, m[0] + m[1] + m[2])
#
# THIS IS WORK IN PROGRESS
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# FlashPix support for PIL
#
# History:
# 97-01-25 fl Created (reads uncompressed RGB images only)
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import olefile
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i32le as i32
# we map from colour field tuples to (mode, rawmode) descriptors
MODES = {
# opacity
(0x00007FFE,): ("A", "L"),
# monochrome
(0x00010000,): ("L", "L"),
(0x00018000, 0x00017FFE): ("RGBA", "LA"),
# photo YCC
(0x00020000, 0x00020001, 0x00020002): ("RGB", "YCC;P"),
(0x00028000, 0x00028001, 0x00028002, 0x00027FFE): ("RGBA", "YCCA;P"),
# standard RGB (NIFRGB)
(0x00030000, 0x00030001, 0x00030002): ("RGB", "RGB"),
(0x00038000, 0x00038001, 0x00038002, 0x00037FFE): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
}
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return prefix[:8] == olefile.MAGIC
##
# Image plugin for the FlashPix images.
class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "FPX"
format_description = "FlashPix"
def _open(self):
#
# read the OLE directory and see if this is a likely
# to be a FlashPix file
try:
self.ole = olefile.OleFileIO(self.fp)
except OSError as e:
msg = "not an FPX file; invalid OLE file"
raise SyntaxError(msg) from e
if self.ole.root.clsid != "56616700-C154-11CE-8553-00AA00A1F95B":
msg = "not an FPX file; bad root CLSID"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
self._open_index(1)
def _open_index(self, index: int = 1) -> None:
#
# get the Image Contents Property Set
prop = self.ole.getproperties(
[f"Data Object Store {index:06d}", "\005Image Contents"]
)
# size (highest resolution)
self._size = prop[0x1000002], prop[0x1000003]
size = max(self.size)
i = 1
while size > 64:
size = size // 2
i += 1
self.maxid = i - 1
# mode. instead of using a single field for this, flashpix
# requires you to specify the mode for each channel in each
# resolution subimage, and leaves it to the decoder to make
# sure that they all match. for now, we'll cheat and assume
# that this is always the case.
id = self.maxid << 16
s = prop[0x2000002 | id]
bands = i32(s, 4)
if bands > 4:
msg = "Invalid number of bands"
raise OSError(msg)
# note: for now, we ignore the "uncalibrated" flag
colors = tuple(i32(s, 8 + i * 4) & 0x7FFFFFFF for i in range(bands))
self._mode, self.rawmode = MODES[colors]
# load JPEG tables, if any
self.jpeg = {}
for i in range(256):
id = 0x3000001 | (i << 16)
if id in prop:
self.jpeg[i] = prop[id]
self._open_subimage(1, self.maxid)
def _open_subimage(self, index: int = 1, subimage: int = 0) -> None:
#
# setup tile descriptors for a given subimage
stream = [
f"Data Object Store {index:06d}",
f"Resolution {subimage:04d}",
"Subimage 0000 Header",
]
fp = self.ole.openstream(stream)
# skip prefix
fp.read(28)
# header stream
s = fp.read(36)
size = i32(s, 4), i32(s, 8)
# tilecount = i32(s, 12)
tilesize = i32(s, 16), i32(s, 20)
# channels = i32(s, 24)
offset = i32(s, 28)
length = i32(s, 32)
if size != self.size:
msg = "subimage mismatch"
raise OSError(msg)
# get tile descriptors
fp.seek(28 + offset)
s = fp.read(i32(s, 12) * length)
x = y = 0
xsize, ysize = size
xtile, ytile = tilesize
self.tile = []
for i in range(0, len(s), length):
x1 = min(xsize, x + xtile)
y1 = min(ysize, y + ytile)
compression = i32(s, i + 8)
if compression == 0:
self.tile.append(
(
"raw",
(x, y, x1, y1),
i32(s, i) + 28,
(self.rawmode,),
)
)
elif compression == 1:
# FIXME: the fill decoder is not implemented
self.tile.append(
(
"fill",
(x, y, x1, y1),
i32(s, i) + 28,
(self.rawmode, s[12:16]),
)
)
elif compression == 2:
internal_color_conversion = s[14]
jpeg_tables = s[15]
rawmode = self.rawmode
if internal_color_conversion:
# The image is stored as usual (usually YCbCr).
if rawmode == "RGBA":
# For "RGBA", data is stored as YCbCrA based on
# negative RGB. The following trick works around
# this problem :
jpegmode, rawmode = "YCbCrK", "CMYK"
else:
jpegmode = None # let the decoder decide
else:
# The image is stored as defined by rawmode
jpegmode = rawmode
self.tile.append(
(
"jpeg",
(x, y, x1, y1),
i32(s, i) + 28,
(rawmode, jpegmode),
)
)
# FIXME: jpeg tables are tile dependent; the prefix
# data must be placed in the tile descriptor itself!
if jpeg_tables:
self.tile_prefix = self.jpeg[jpeg_tables]
else:
msg = "unknown/invalid compression"
raise OSError(msg)
x = x + xtile
if x >= xsize:
x, y = 0, y + ytile
if y >= ysize:
break # isn't really required
self.stream = stream
self._fp = self.fp
self.fp = None
def load(self):
if not self.fp:
self.fp = self.ole.openstream(self.stream[:2] + ["Subimage 0000 Data"])
return ImageFile.ImageFile.load(self)
def close(self) -> None:
self.ole.close()
super().close()
def __exit__(self, *args: object) -> None:
self.ole.close()
super().__exit__()
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
Image.register_open(FpxImageFile.format, FpxImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(FpxImageFile.format, ".fpx")
"""
A Pillow loader for .ftc and .ftu files (FTEX)
Jerome Leclanche <jerome@leclan.ch>
The contents of this file are hereby released in the public domain (CC0)
Full text of the CC0 license:
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Independence War 2: Edge Of Chaos - Texture File Format - 16 October 2001
The textures used for 3D objects in Independence War 2: Edge Of Chaos are in a
packed custom format called FTEX. This file format uses file extensions FTC
and FTU.
* FTC files are compressed textures (using standard texture compression).
* FTU files are not compressed.
Texture File Format
The FTC and FTU texture files both use the same format. This
has the following structure:
{header}
{format_directory}
{data}
Where:
{header} = {
u32:magic,
u32:version,
u32:width,
u32:height,
u32:mipmap_count,
u32:format_count
}
* The "magic" number is "FTEX".
* "width" and "height" are the dimensions of the texture.
* "mipmap_count" is the number of mipmaps in the texture.
* "format_count" is the number of texture formats (different versions of the
same texture) in this file.
{format_directory} = format_count * { u32:format, u32:where }
The format value is 0 for DXT1 compressed textures and 1 for 24-bit RGB
uncompressed textures.
The texture data for a format starts at the position "where" in the file.
Each set of texture data in the file has the following structure:
{data} = format_count * { u32:mipmap_size, mipmap_size * { u8 } }
* "mipmap_size" is the number of bytes in that mip level. For compressed
textures this is the size of the texture data compressed with DXT1. For 24 bit
uncompressed textures, this is 3 * width * height. Following this are the image
bytes for that mipmap level.
Note: All data is stored in little-Endian (Intel) byte order.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import struct
from enum import IntEnum
from io import BytesIO
from . import Image, ImageFile
MAGIC = b"FTEX"
class Format(IntEnum):
DXT1 = 0
UNCOMPRESSED = 1
class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "FTEX"
format_description = "Texture File Format (IW2:EOC)"
def _open(self) -> None:
if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
msg = "not an FTEX file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4)) # version
self._size = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
mipmap_count, format_count = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
self._mode = "RGB"
# Only support single-format files.
# I don't know of any multi-format file.
assert format_count == 1
format, where = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
self.fp.seek(where)
(mipmap_size,) = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))
data = self.fp.read(mipmap_size)
if format == Format.DXT1:
self._mode = "RGBA"
self.tile = [("bcn", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, 1)]
elif format == Format.UNCOMPRESSED:
self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, ("RGB", 0, 1))]
else:
msg = f"Invalid texture compression format: {repr(format)}"
raise ValueError(msg)
self.fp.close()
self.fp = BytesIO(data)
def load_seek(self, pos: int) -> None:
pass
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return prefix[:4] == MAGIC
Image.register_open(FtexImageFile.format, FtexImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extensions(FtexImageFile.format, [".ftc", ".ftu"])
#
# The Python Imaging Library
#
# load a GIMP brush file
#
# History:
# 96-03-14 fl Created
# 16-01-08 es Version 2
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
# Copyright (c) Eric Soroos 2016.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
#
# See https://github.com/GNOME/gimp/blob/mainline/devel-docs/gbr.txt for
# format documentation.
#
# This code Interprets version 1 and 2 .gbr files.
# Version 1 files are obsolete, and should not be used for new
# brushes.
# Version 2 files are saved by GIMP v2.8 (at least)
# Version 3 files have a format specifier of 18 for 16bit floats in
# the color depth field. This is currently unsupported by Pillow.
from __future__ import annotations
from . import Image, ImageFile
from ._binary import i32be as i32
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return len(prefix) >= 8 and i32(prefix, 0) >= 20 and i32(prefix, 4) in (1, 2)
##
# Image plugin for the GIMP brush format.
class GbrImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "GBR"
format_description = "GIMP brush file"
def _open(self) -> None:
header_size = i32(self.fp.read(4))
if header_size < 20:
msg = "not a GIMP brush"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
version = i32(self.fp.read(4))
if version not in (1, 2):
msg = f"Unsupported GIMP brush version: {version}"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
width = i32(self.fp.read(4))
height = i32(self.fp.read(4))
color_depth = i32(self.fp.read(4))
if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
msg = "not a GIMP brush"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
if color_depth not in (1, 4):
msg = f"Unsupported GIMP brush color depth: {color_depth}"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
if version == 1:
comment_length = header_size - 20
else:
comment_length = header_size - 28
magic_number = self.fp.read(4)
if magic_number != b"GIMP":
msg = "not a GIMP brush, bad magic number"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
self.info["spacing"] = i32(self.fp.read(4))
comment = self.fp.read(comment_length)[:-1]
if color_depth == 1:
self._mode = "L"
else:
self._mode = "RGBA"
self._size = width, height
self.info["comment"] = comment
# Image might not be small
Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)
# Data is an uncompressed block of w * h * bytes/pixel
self._data_size = width * height * color_depth
def load(self):
if not self.im:
self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)
self.frombytes(self.fp.read(self._data_size))
return Image.Image.load(self)
#
# registry
Image.register_open(GbrImageFile.format, GbrImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_extension(GbrImageFile.format, ".gbr")
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# GD file handling
#
# History:
# 1996-04-12 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) 1997 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1996 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
.. note::
This format cannot be automatically recognized, so the
class is not registered for use with :py:func:`PIL.Image.open()`. To open a
gd file, use the :py:func:`PIL.GdImageFile.open()` function instead.
.. warning::
THE GD FORMAT IS NOT DESIGNED FOR DATA INTERCHANGE. This
implementation is provided for convenience and demonstrational
purposes only.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import IO
from . import ImageFile, ImagePalette, UnidentifiedImageError
from ._binary import i16be as i16
from ._binary import i32be as i32
from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
class GdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
"""
Image plugin for the GD uncompressed format. Note that this format
is not supported by the standard :py:func:`PIL.Image.open()` function. To use
this plugin, you have to import the :py:mod:`PIL.GdImageFile` module and
use the :py:func:`PIL.GdImageFile.open()` function.
"""
format = "GD"
format_description = "GD uncompressed images"
def _open(self) -> None:
# Header
assert self.fp is not None
s = self.fp.read(1037)
if i16(s) not in [65534, 65535]:
msg = "Not a valid GD 2.x .gd file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
self._mode = "L" # FIXME: "P"
self._size = i16(s, 2), i16(s, 4)
true_color = s[6]
true_color_offset = 2 if true_color else 0
# transparency index
tindex = i32(s, 7 + true_color_offset)
if tindex < 256:
self.info["transparency"] = tindex
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw(
"XBGR", s[7 + true_color_offset + 4 : 7 + true_color_offset + 4 + 256 * 4]
)
self.tile = [
(
"raw",
(0, 0) + self.size,
7 + true_color_offset + 4 + 256 * 4,
("L", 0, 1),
)
]
def open(fp: StrOrBytesPath | IO[bytes], mode: str = "r") -> GdImageFile:
"""
Load texture from a GD image file.
:param fp: GD file name, or an opened file handle.
:param mode: Optional mode. In this version, if the mode argument
is given, it must be "r".
:returns: An image instance.
:raises OSError: If the image could not be read.
"""
if mode != "r":
msg = "bad mode"
raise ValueError(msg)
try:
return GdImageFile(fp)
except SyntaxError as e:
msg = "cannot identify this image file"
raise UnidentifiedImageError(msg) from e
#
# Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# stuff to read (and render) GIMP gradient files
#
# History:
# 97-08-23 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
Stuff to translate curve segments to palette values (derived from
the corresponding code in GIMP, written by Federico Mena Quintero.
See the GIMP distribution for more information.)
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from math import log, pi, sin, sqrt
from typing import IO, Callable
from ._binary import o8
EPSILON = 1e-10
"""""" # Enable auto-doc for data member
def linear(middle: float, pos: float) -> float:
if pos <= middle:
if middle < EPSILON:
return 0.0
else:
return 0.5 * pos / middle
else:
pos = pos - middle
middle = 1.0 - middle
if middle < EPSILON:
return 1.0
else:
return 0.5 + 0.5 * pos / middle
def curved(middle: float, pos: float) -> float:
return pos ** (log(0.5) / log(max(middle, EPSILON)))
def sine(middle: float, pos: float) -> float:
return (sin((-pi / 2.0) + pi * linear(middle, pos)) + 1.0) / 2.0
def sphere_increasing(middle: float, pos: float) -> float:
return sqrt(1.0 - (linear(middle, pos) - 1.0) ** 2)
def sphere_decreasing(middle: float, pos: float) -> float:
return 1.0 - sqrt(1.0 - linear(middle, pos) ** 2)
SEGMENTS = [linear, curved, sine, sphere_increasing, sphere_decreasing]
"""""" # Enable auto-doc for data member
class GradientFile:
gradient: (
list[
tuple[
float,
float,
float,
list[float],
list[float],
Callable[[float, float], float],
]
]
| None
) = None
def getpalette(self, entries: int = 256) -> tuple[bytes, str]:
assert self.gradient is not None
palette = []
ix = 0
x0, x1, xm, rgb0, rgb1, segment = self.gradient[ix]
for i in range(entries):
x = i / (entries - 1)
while x1 < x:
ix += 1
x0, x1, xm, rgb0, rgb1, segment = self.gradient[ix]
w = x1 - x0
if w < EPSILON:
scale = segment(0.5, 0.5)
else:
scale = segment((xm - x0) / w, (x - x0) / w)
# expand to RGBA
r = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[0] - rgb0[0]) * scale + rgb0[0]) + 0.5))
g = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[1] - rgb0[1]) * scale + rgb0[1]) + 0.5))
b = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[2] - rgb0[2]) * scale + rgb0[2]) + 0.5))
a = o8(int(255 * ((rgb1[3] - rgb0[3]) * scale + rgb0[3]) + 0.5))
# add to palette
palette.append(r + g + b + a)
return b"".join(palette), "RGBA"
class GimpGradientFile(GradientFile):
"""File handler for GIMP's gradient format."""
def __init__(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> None:
if fp.readline()[:13] != b"GIMP Gradient":
msg = "not a GIMP gradient file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
line = fp.readline()
# GIMP 1.2 gradient files don't contain a name, but GIMP 1.3 files do
if line.startswith(b"Name: "):
line = fp.readline().strip()
count = int(line)
self.gradient = []
for i in range(count):
s = fp.readline().split()
w = [float(x) for x in s[:11]]
x0, x1 = w[0], w[2]
xm = w[1]
rgb0 = w[3:7]
rgb1 = w[7:11]
segment = SEGMENTS[int(s[11])]
cspace = int(s[12])
if cspace != 0:
msg = "cannot handle HSV colour space"
raise OSError(msg)
self.gradient.append((x0, x1, xm, rgb0, rgb1, segment))
#
# Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# stuff to read GIMP palette files
#
# History:
# 1997-08-23 fl Created
# 2004-09-07 fl Support GIMP 2.0 palette files.
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997-2004. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1997-2004.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import re
from typing import IO
from ._binary import o8
class GimpPaletteFile:
"""File handler for GIMP's palette format."""
rawmode = "RGB"
def __init__(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> None:
palette = [o8(i) * 3 for i in range(256)]
if fp.readline()[:12] != b"GIMP Palette":
msg = "not a GIMP palette file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
for i in range(256):
s = fp.readline()
if not s:
break
# skip fields and comment lines
if re.match(rb"\w+:|#", s):
continue
if len(s) > 100:
msg = "bad palette file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
v = tuple(map(int, s.split()[:3]))
if len(v) != 3:
msg = "bad palette entry"
raise ValueError(msg)
palette[i] = o8(v[0]) + o8(v[1]) + o8(v[2])
self.palette = b"".join(palette)
def getpalette(self) -> tuple[bytes, str]:
return self.palette, self.rawmode
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# GRIB stub adapter
#
# Copyright (c) 1996-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import IO
from . import Image, ImageFile
_handler = None
def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler | None) -> None:
"""
Install application-specific GRIB image handler.
:param handler: Handler object.
"""
global _handler
_handler = handler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Image adapter
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return prefix[:4] == b"GRIB" and prefix[7] == 1
class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
format = "GRIB"
format_description = "GRIB"
def _open(self) -> None:
offset = self.fp.tell()
if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):
msg = "Not a GRIB file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
self.fp.seek(offset)
# make something up
self._mode = "F"
self._size = 1, 1
loader = self._load()
if loader:
loader.open(self)
def _load(self) -> ImageFile.StubHandler | None:
return _handler
def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
if _handler is None or not hasattr(_handler, "save"):
msg = "GRIB save handler not installed"
raise OSError(msg)
_handler.save(im, fp, filename)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(GribStubImageFile.format, GribStubImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(GribStubImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(GribStubImageFile.format, ".grib")
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# HDF5 stub adapter
#
# Copyright (c) 2000-2003 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import IO
from . import Image, ImageFile
_handler = None
def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler | None) -> None:
"""
Install application-specific HDF5 image handler.
:param handler: Handler object.
"""
global _handler
_handler = handler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Image adapter
def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
return prefix[:8] == b"\x89HDF\r\n\x1a\n"
class HDF5StubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
format = "HDF5"
format_description = "HDF5"
def _open(self) -> None:
offset = self.fp.tell()
if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):
msg = "Not an HDF file"
raise SyntaxError(msg)
self.fp.seek(offset)
# make something up
self._mode = "F"
self._size = 1, 1
loader = self._load()
if loader:
loader.open(self)
def _load(self) -> ImageFile.StubHandler | None:
return _handler
def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
if _handler is None or not hasattr(_handler, "save"):
msg = "HDF5 save handler not installed"
raise OSError(msg)
_handler.save(im, fp, filename)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(HDF5StubImageFile.format, HDF5StubImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(HDF5StubImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extensions(HDF5StubImageFile.format, [".h5", ".hdf"])
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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# standard channel operations
#
# History:
# 1996-03-24 fl Created
# 1996-08-13 fl Added logical operations (for "1" images)
# 2000-10-12 fl Added offset method (from Image.py)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2000 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-2000 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from . import Image
def constant(image: Image.Image, value: int) -> Image.Image:
"""Fill a channel with a given gray level.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.new("L", image.size, value)
def duplicate(image: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""Copy a channel. Alias for :py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.copy`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return image.copy()
def invert(image: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Invert an image (channel). ::
out = MAX - image
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image.load()
return image._new(image.im.chop_invert())
def lighter(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image containing
the lighter values. ::
out = max(image1, image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_lighter(image2.im))
def darker(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image containing
the darker values. ::
out = min(image1, image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_darker(image2.im))
def difference(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Returns the absolute value of the pixel-by-pixel difference between the two
images. ::
out = abs(image1 - image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_difference(image2.im))
def multiply(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other.
If you multiply an image with a solid black image, the result is black. If
you multiply with a solid white image, the image is unaffected. ::
out = image1 * image2 / MAX
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_multiply(image2.im))
def screen(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Superimposes two inverted images on top of each other. ::
out = MAX - ((MAX - image1) * (MAX - image2) / MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_screen(image2.im))
def soft_light(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other using the Soft Light algorithm
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_soft_light(image2.im))
def hard_light(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other using the Hard Light algorithm
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_hard_light(image2.im))
def overlay(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other using the Overlay algorithm
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_overlay(image2.im))
def add(
image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image, scale: float = 1.0, offset: float = 0
) -> Image.Image:
"""
Adds two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the
offset. If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0. ::
out = ((image1 + image2) / scale + offset)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_add(image2.im, scale, offset))
def subtract(
image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image, scale: float = 1.0, offset: float = 0
) -> Image.Image:
"""
Subtracts two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the offset.
If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0. ::
out = ((image1 - image2) / scale + offset)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_subtract(image2.im, scale, offset))
def add_modulo(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""Add two images, without clipping the result. ::
out = ((image1 + image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_add_modulo(image2.im))
def subtract_modulo(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""Subtract two images, without clipping the result. ::
out = ((image1 - image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_subtract_modulo(image2.im))
def logical_and(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""Logical AND between two images.
Both of the images must have mode "1". If you would like to perform a
logical AND on an image with a mode other than "1", try
:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageChops.multiply` instead, using a black-and-white mask
as the second image. ::
out = ((image1 and image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_and(image2.im))
def logical_or(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""Logical OR between two images.
Both of the images must have mode "1". ::
out = ((image1 or image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_or(image2.im))
def logical_xor(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
"""Logical XOR between two images.
Both of the images must have mode "1". ::
out = ((bool(image1) != bool(image2)) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_xor(image2.im))
def blend(image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image, alpha: float) -> Image.Image:
"""Blend images using constant transparency weight. Alias for
:py:func:`PIL.Image.blend`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.blend(image1, image2, alpha)
def composite(
image1: Image.Image, image2: Image.Image, mask: Image.Image
) -> Image.Image:
"""Create composite using transparency mask. Alias for
:py:func:`PIL.Image.composite`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.composite(image1, image2, mask)
def offset(image: Image.Image, xoffset: int, yoffset: int | None = None) -> Image.Image:
"""Returns a copy of the image where data has been offset by the given
distances. Data wraps around the edges. If ``yoffset`` is omitted, it
is assumed to be equal to ``xoffset``.
:param image: Input image.
:param xoffset: The horizontal distance.
:param yoffset: The vertical distance. If omitted, both
distances are set to the same value.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
if yoffset is None:
yoffset = xoffset
image.load()
return image._new(image.im.offset(xoffset, yoffset))
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# map CSS3-style colour description strings to RGB
#
# History:
# 2002-10-24 fl Added support for CSS-style color strings
# 2002-12-15 fl Added RGBA support
# 2004-03-27 fl Fixed remaining int() problems for Python 1.5.2
# 2004-07-19 fl Fixed gray/grey spelling issues
# 2009-03-05 fl Fixed rounding error in grayscale calculation
#
# Copyright (c) 2002-2004 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2002-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import re
from functools import lru_cache
from . import Image
@lru_cache
def getrgb(color: str) -> tuple[int, int, int] | tuple[int, int, int, int]:
"""
Convert a color string to an RGB or RGBA tuple. If the string cannot be
parsed, this function raises a :py:exc:`ValueError` exception.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:param color: A color string
:return: ``(red, green, blue[, alpha])``
"""
if len(color) > 100:
msg = "color specifier is too long"
raise ValueError(msg)
color = color.lower()
rgb = colormap.get(color, None)
if rgb:
if isinstance(rgb, tuple):
return rgb
rgb_tuple = getrgb(rgb)
assert len(rgb_tuple) == 3
colormap[color] = rgb_tuple
return rgb_tuple
# check for known string formats
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{3}$", color):
return int(color[1] * 2, 16), int(color[2] * 2, 16), int(color[3] * 2, 16)
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{4}$", color):
return (
int(color[1] * 2, 16),
int(color[2] * 2, 16),
int(color[3] * 2, 16),
int(color[4] * 2, 16),
)
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{6}$", color):
return int(color[1:3], 16), int(color[3:5], 16), int(color[5:7], 16)
if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{8}$", color):
return (
int(color[1:3], 16),
int(color[3:5], 16),
int(color[5:7], 16),
int(color[7:9], 16),
)
m = re.match(r"rgb\(\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*\)$", color)
if m:
return int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3))
m = re.match(r"rgb\(\s*(\d+)%\s*,\s*(\d+)%\s*,\s*(\d+)%\s*\)$", color)
if m:
return (
int((int(m.group(1)) * 255) / 100.0 + 0.5),
int((int(m.group(2)) * 255) / 100.0 + 0.5),
int((int(m.group(3)) * 255) / 100.0 + 0.5),
)
m = re.match(
r"hsl\(\s*(\d+\.?\d*)\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*\)$", color
)
if m:
from colorsys import hls_to_rgb
rgb_floats = hls_to_rgb(
float(m.group(1)) / 360.0,
float(m.group(3)) / 100.0,
float(m.group(2)) / 100.0,
)
return (
int(rgb_floats[0] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb_floats[1] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb_floats[2] * 255 + 0.5),
)
m = re.match(
r"hs[bv]\(\s*(\d+\.?\d*)\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*,\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%\s*\)$", color
)
if m:
from colorsys import hsv_to_rgb
rgb_floats = hsv_to_rgb(
float(m.group(1)) / 360.0,
float(m.group(2)) / 100.0,
float(m.group(3)) / 100.0,
)
return (
int(rgb_floats[0] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb_floats[1] * 255 + 0.5),
int(rgb_floats[2] * 255 + 0.5),
)
m = re.match(r"rgba\(\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*\)$", color)
if m:
return int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3)), int(m.group(4))
msg = f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}"
raise ValueError(msg)
@lru_cache
def getcolor(color: str, mode: str) -> int | tuple[int, ...]:
"""
Same as :py:func:`~PIL.ImageColor.getrgb` for most modes. However, if
``mode`` is HSV, converts the RGB value to a HSV value, or if ``mode`` is
not color or a palette image, converts the RGB value to a grayscale value.
If the string cannot be parsed, this function raises a :py:exc:`ValueError`
exception.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:param color: A color string
:param mode: Convert result to this mode
:return: ``graylevel, (graylevel, alpha) or (red, green, blue[, alpha])``
"""
# same as getrgb, but converts the result to the given mode
rgb, alpha = getrgb(color), 255
if len(rgb) == 4:
alpha = rgb[3]
rgb = rgb[:3]
if mode == "HSV":
from colorsys import rgb_to_hsv
r, g, b = rgb
h, s, v = rgb_to_hsv(r / 255, g / 255, b / 255)
return int(h * 255), int(s * 255), int(v * 255)
elif Image.getmodebase(mode) == "L":
r, g, b = rgb
# ITU-R Recommendation 601-2 for nonlinear RGB
# scaled to 24 bits to match the convert's implementation.
graylevel = (r * 19595 + g * 38470 + b * 7471 + 0x8000) >> 16
if mode[-1] == "A":
return graylevel, alpha
return graylevel
elif mode[-1] == "A":
return rgb + (alpha,)
return rgb
colormap: dict[str, str | tuple[int, int, int]] = {
# X11 colour table from https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/, with
# gray/grey spelling issues fixed. This is a superset of HTML 4.0
# colour names used in CSS 1.
"aliceblue": "#f0f8ff",
"antiquewhite": "#faebd7",
"aqua": "#00ffff",
"aquamarine": "#7fffd4",
"azure": "#f0ffff",
"beige": "#f5f5dc",
"bisque": "#ffe4c4",
"black": "#000000",
"blanchedalmond": "#ffebcd",
"blue": "#0000ff",
"blueviolet": "#8a2be2",
"brown": "#a52a2a",
"burlywood": "#deb887",
"cadetblue": "#5f9ea0",
"chartreuse": "#7fff00",
"chocolate": "#d2691e",
"coral": "#ff7f50",
"cornflowerblue": "#6495ed",
"cornsilk": "#fff8dc",
"crimson": "#dc143c",
"cyan": "#00ffff",
"darkblue": "#00008b",
"darkcyan": "#008b8b",
"darkgoldenrod": "#b8860b",
"darkgray": "#a9a9a9",
"darkgrey": "#a9a9a9",
"darkgreen": "#006400",
"darkkhaki": "#bdb76b",
"darkmagenta": "#8b008b",
"darkolivegreen": "#556b2f",
"darkorange": "#ff8c00",
"darkorchid": "#9932cc",
"darkred": "#8b0000",
"darksalmon": "#e9967a",
"darkseagreen": "#8fbc8f",
"darkslateblue": "#483d8b",
"darkslategray": "#2f4f4f",
"darkslategrey": "#2f4f4f",
"darkturquoise": "#00ced1",
"darkviolet": "#9400d3",
"deeppink": "#ff1493",
"deepskyblue": "#00bfff",
"dimgray": "#696969",
"dimgrey": "#696969",
"dodgerblue": "#1e90ff",
"firebrick": "#b22222",
"floralwhite": "#fffaf0",
"forestgreen": "#228b22",
"fuchsia": "#ff00ff",
"gainsboro": "#dcdcdc",
"ghostwhite": "#f8f8ff",
"gold": "#ffd700",
"goldenrod": "#daa520",
"gray": "#808080",
"grey": "#808080",
"green": "#008000",
"greenyellow": "#adff2f",
"honeydew": "#f0fff0",
"hotpink": "#ff69b4",
"indianred": "#cd5c5c",
"indigo": "#4b0082",
"ivory": "#fffff0",
"khaki": "#f0e68c",
"lavender": "#e6e6fa",
"lavenderblush": "#fff0f5",
"lawngreen": "#7cfc00",
"lemonchiffon": "#fffacd",
"lightblue": "#add8e6",
"lightcoral": "#f08080",
"lightcyan": "#e0ffff",
"lightgoldenrodyellow": "#fafad2",
"lightgreen": "#90ee90",
"lightgray": "#d3d3d3",
"lightgrey": "#d3d3d3",
"lightpink": "#ffb6c1",
"lightsalmon": "#ffa07a",
"lightseagreen": "#20b2aa",
"lightskyblue": "#87cefa",
"lightslategray": "#778899",
"lightslategrey": "#778899",
"lightsteelblue": "#b0c4de",
"lightyellow": "#ffffe0",
"lime": "#00ff00",
"limegreen": "#32cd32",
"linen": "#faf0e6",
"magenta": "#ff00ff",
"maroon": "#800000",
"mediumaquamarine": "#66cdaa",
"mediumblue": "#0000cd",
"mediumorchid": "#ba55d3",
"mediumpurple": "#9370db",
"mediumseagreen": "#3cb371",
"mediumslateblue": "#7b68ee",
"mediumspringgreen": "#00fa9a",
"mediumturquoise": "#48d1cc",
"mediumvioletred": "#c71585",
"midnightblue": "#191970",
"mintcream": "#f5fffa",
"mistyrose": "#ffe4e1",
"moccasin": "#ffe4b5",
"navajowhite": "#ffdead",
"navy": "#000080",
"oldlace": "#fdf5e6",
"olive": "#808000",
"olivedrab": "#6b8e23",
"orange": "#ffa500",
"orangered": "#ff4500",
"orchid": "#da70d6",
"palegoldenrod": "#eee8aa",
"palegreen": "#98fb98",
"paleturquoise": "#afeeee",
"palevioletred": "#db7093",
"papayawhip": "#ffefd5",
"peachpuff": "#ffdab9",
"peru": "#cd853f",
"pink": "#ffc0cb",
"plum": "#dda0dd",
"powderblue": "#b0e0e6",
"purple": "#800080",
"rebeccapurple": "#663399",
"red": "#ff0000",
"rosybrown": "#bc8f8f",
"royalblue": "#4169e1",
"saddlebrown": "#8b4513",
"salmon": "#fa8072",
"sandybrown": "#f4a460",
"seagreen": "#2e8b57",
"seashell": "#fff5ee",
"sienna": "#a0522d",
"silver": "#c0c0c0",
"skyblue": "#87ceeb",
"slateblue": "#6a5acd",
"slategray": "#708090",
"slategrey": "#708090",
"snow": "#fffafa",
"springgreen": "#00ff7f",
"steelblue": "#4682b4",
"tan": "#d2b48c",
"teal": "#008080",
"thistle": "#d8bfd8",
"tomato": "#ff6347",
"turquoise": "#40e0d0",
"violet": "#ee82ee",
"wheat": "#f5deb3",
"white": "#ffffff",
"whitesmoke": "#f5f5f5",
"yellow": "#ffff00",
"yellowgreen": "#9acd32",
}
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# WCK-style drawing interface operations
#
# History:
# 2003-12-07 fl created
# 2005-05-15 fl updated; added to PIL as ImageDraw2
# 2005-05-15 fl added text support
# 2005-05-20 fl added arc/chord/pieslice support
#
# Copyright (c) 2003-2005 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2003-2005 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""
(Experimental) WCK-style drawing interface operations
.. seealso:: :py:mod:`PIL.ImageDraw`
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import BinaryIO
from . import Image, ImageColor, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImagePath
from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
class Pen:
"""Stores an outline color and width."""
def __init__(self, color: str, width: int = 1, opacity: int = 255) -> None:
self.color = ImageColor.getrgb(color)
self.width = width
class Brush:
"""Stores a fill color"""
def __init__(self, color: str, opacity: int = 255) -> None:
self.color = ImageColor.getrgb(color)
class Font:
"""Stores a TrueType font and color"""
def __init__(
self, color: str, file: StrOrBytesPath | BinaryIO, size: float = 12
) -> None:
# FIXME: add support for bitmap fonts
self.color = ImageColor.getrgb(color)
self.font = ImageFont.truetype(file, size)
class Draw:
"""
(Experimental) WCK-style drawing interface
"""
def __init__(
self,
image: Image.Image | str,
size: tuple[int, int] | list[int] | None = None,
color: float | tuple[float, ...] | str | None = None,
) -> None:
if isinstance(image, str):
if size is None:
msg = "If image argument is mode string, size must be a list or tuple"
raise ValueError(msg)
image = Image.new(image, size, color)
self.draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
self.image = image
self.transform = None
def flush(self) -> Image.Image:
return self.image
def render(self, op, xy, pen, brush=None):
# handle color arguments
outline = fill = None
width = 1
if isinstance(pen, Pen):
outline = pen.color
width = pen.width
elif isinstance(brush, Pen):
outline = brush.color
width = brush.width
if isinstance(brush, Brush):
fill = brush.color
elif isinstance(pen, Brush):
fill = pen.color
# handle transformation
if self.transform:
xy = ImagePath.Path(xy)
xy.transform(self.transform)
# render the item
if op == "line":
self.draw.line(xy, fill=outline, width=width)
else:
getattr(self.draw, op)(xy, fill=fill, outline=outline)
def settransform(self, offset):
"""Sets a transformation offset."""
(xoffset, yoffset) = offset
self.transform = (1, 0, xoffset, 0, 1, yoffset)
def arc(self, xy, start, end, *options):
"""
Draws an arc (a portion of a circle outline) between the start and end
angles, inside the given bounding box.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.arc`
"""
self.render("arc", xy, start, end, *options)
def chord(self, xy, start, end, *options):
"""
Same as :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw2.Draw.arc`, but connects the end points
with a straight line.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.chord`
"""
self.render("chord", xy, start, end, *options)
def ellipse(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws an ellipse inside the given bounding box.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.ellipse`
"""
self.render("ellipse", xy, *options)
def line(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws a line between the coordinates in the ``xy`` list.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.line`
"""
self.render("line", xy, *options)
def pieslice(self, xy, start, end, *options):
"""
Same as arc, but also draws straight lines between the end points and the
center of the bounding box.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.pieslice`
"""
self.render("pieslice", xy, start, end, *options)
def polygon(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws a polygon.
The polygon outline consists of straight lines between the given
coordinates, plus a straight line between the last and the first
coordinate.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.polygon`
"""
self.render("polygon", xy, *options)
def rectangle(self, xy, *options):
"""
Draws a rectangle.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.rectangle`
"""
self.render("rectangle", xy, *options)
def text(self, xy, text, font):
"""
Draws the string at the given position.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.text`
"""
if self.transform:
xy = ImagePath.Path(xy)
xy.transform(self.transform)
self.draw.text(xy, text, font=font.font, fill=font.color)
def textbbox(self, xy, text, font):
"""
Returns bounding box (in pixels) of given text.
:return: ``(left, top, right, bottom)`` bounding box
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.textbbox`
"""
if self.transform:
xy = ImagePath.Path(xy)
xy.transform(self.transform)
return self.draw.textbbox(xy, text, font=font.font)
def textlength(self, text, font):
"""
Returns length (in pixels) of given text.
This is the amount by which following text should be offset.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.textlength`
"""
return self.draw.textlength(text, font=font.font)
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# image enhancement classes
#
# For a background, see "Image Processing By Interpolation and
# Extrapolation", Paul Haeberli and Douglas Voorhies. Available
# at http://www.graficaobscura.com/interp/index.html
#
# History:
# 1996-03-23 fl Created
# 2009-06-16 fl Fixed mean calculation
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from . import Image, ImageFilter, ImageStat
class _Enhance:
image: Image.Image
degenerate: Image.Image
def enhance(self, factor: float) -> Image.Image:
"""
Returns an enhanced image.
:param factor: A floating point value controlling the enhancement.
Factor 1.0 always returns a copy of the original image,
lower factors mean less color (brightness, contrast,
etc), and higher values more. There are no restrictions
on this value.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.blend(self.degenerate, self.image, factor)
class Color(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image color balance.
This class can be used to adjust the colour balance of an image, in
a manner similar to the controls on a colour TV set. An enhancement
factor of 0.0 gives a black and white image. A factor of 1.0 gives
the original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
self.image = image
self.intermediate_mode = "L"
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.intermediate_mode = "LA"
self.degenerate = image.convert(self.intermediate_mode).convert(image.mode)
class Contrast(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image contrast.
This class can be used to control the contrast of an image, similar
to the contrast control on a TV set. An enhancement factor of 0.0
gives a solid gray image. A factor of 1.0 gives the original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
self.image = image
mean = int(ImageStat.Stat(image.convert("L")).mean[0] + 0.5)
self.degenerate = Image.new("L", image.size, mean).convert(image.mode)
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.degenerate.putalpha(image.getchannel("A"))
class Brightness(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image brightness.
This class can be used to control the brightness of an image. An
enhancement factor of 0.0 gives a black image. A factor of 1.0 gives the
original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
self.image = image
self.degenerate = Image.new(image.mode, image.size, 0)
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.degenerate.putalpha(image.getchannel("A"))
class Sharpness(_Enhance):
"""Adjust image sharpness.
This class can be used to adjust the sharpness of an image. An
enhancement factor of 0.0 gives a blurred image, a factor of 1.0 gives the
original image, and a factor of 2.0 gives a sharpened image.
"""
def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
self.image = image
self.degenerate = image.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
if "A" in image.getbands():
self.degenerate.putalpha(image.getchannel("A"))
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# screen grabber
#
# History:
# 2001-04-26 fl created
# 2001-09-17 fl use builtin driver, if present
# 2002-11-19 fl added grabclipboard support
#
# Copyright (c) 2001-2002 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2001-2002 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import io
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from . import Image
def grab(
bbox: tuple[int, int, int, int] | None = None,
include_layered_windows: bool = False,
all_screens: bool = False,
xdisplay: str | None = None,
) -> Image.Image:
im: Image.Image
if xdisplay is None:
if sys.platform == "darwin":
fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".png")
os.close(fh)
args = ["screencapture"]
if bbox:
left, top, right, bottom = bbox
args += ["-R", f"{left},{top},{right-left},{bottom-top}"]
subprocess.call(args + ["-x", filepath])
im = Image.open(filepath)
im.load()
os.unlink(filepath)
if bbox:
im_resized = im.resize((right - left, bottom - top))
im.close()
return im_resized
return im
elif sys.platform == "win32":
offset, size, data = Image.core.grabscreen_win32(
include_layered_windows, all_screens
)
im = Image.frombytes(
"RGB",
size,
data,
# RGB, 32-bit line padding, origin lower left corner
"raw",
"BGR",
(size[0] * 3 + 3) & -4,
-1,
)
if bbox:
x0, y0 = offset
left, top, right, bottom = bbox
im = im.crop((left - x0, top - y0, right - x0, bottom - y0))
return im
# Cast to Optional[str] needed for Windows and macOS.
display_name: str | None = xdisplay
try:
if not Image.core.HAVE_XCB:
msg = "Pillow was built without XCB support"
raise OSError(msg)
size, data = Image.core.grabscreen_x11(display_name)
except OSError:
if (
display_name is None
and sys.platform not in ("darwin", "win32")
and shutil.which("gnome-screenshot")
):
fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".png")
os.close(fh)
subprocess.call(["gnome-screenshot", "-f", filepath])
im = Image.open(filepath)
im.load()
os.unlink(filepath)
if bbox:
im_cropped = im.crop(bbox)
im.close()
return im_cropped
return im
else:
raise
else:
im = Image.frombytes("RGB", size, data, "raw", "BGRX", size[0] * 4, 1)
if bbox:
im = im.crop(bbox)
return im
def grabclipboard() -> Image.Image | list[str] | None:
if sys.platform == "darwin":
fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".png")
os.close(fh)
commands = [
'set theFile to (open for access POSIX file "'
+ filepath
+ '" with write permission)',
"try",
" write (the clipboard as «class PNGf») to theFile",
"end try",
"close access theFile",
]
script = ["osascript"]
for command in commands:
script += ["-e", command]
subprocess.call(script)
im = None
if os.stat(filepath).st_size != 0:
im = Image.open(filepath)
im.load()
os.unlink(filepath)
return im
elif sys.platform == "win32":
fmt, data = Image.core.grabclipboard_win32()
if fmt == "file": # CF_HDROP
import struct
o = struct.unpack_from("I", data)[0]
if data[16] != 0:
files = data[o:].decode("utf-16le").split("\0")
else:
files = data[o:].decode("mbcs").split("\0")
return files[: files.index("")]
if isinstance(data, bytes):
data = io.BytesIO(data)
if fmt == "png":
from . import PngImagePlugin
return PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(data)
elif fmt == "DIB":
from . import BmpImagePlugin
return BmpImagePlugin.DibImageFile(data)
return None
else:
if os.getenv("WAYLAND_DISPLAY"):
session_type = "wayland"
elif os.getenv("DISPLAY"):
session_type = "x11"
else: # Session type check failed
session_type = None
if shutil.which("wl-paste") and session_type in ("wayland", None):
args = ["wl-paste", "-t", "image"]
elif shutil.which("xclip") and session_type in ("x11", None):
args = ["xclip", "-selection", "clipboard", "-t", "image/png", "-o"]
else:
msg = "wl-paste or xclip is required for ImageGrab.grabclipboard() on Linux"
raise NotImplementedError(msg)
p = subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True)
if p.returncode != 0:
err = p.stderr
for silent_error in [
# wl-paste, when the clipboard is empty
b"Nothing is copied",
# Ubuntu/Debian wl-paste, when the clipboard is empty
b"No selection",
# Ubuntu/Debian wl-paste, when an image isn't available
b"No suitable type of content copied",
# wl-paste or Ubuntu/Debian xclip, when an image isn't available
b" not available",
# xclip, when an image isn't available
b"cannot convert ",
# xclip, when the clipboard isn't initialized
b"xclip: Error: There is no owner for the ",
]:
if silent_error in err:
return None
msg = f"{args[0]} error"
if err:
msg += f": {err.strip().decode()}"
raise ChildProcessError(msg)
data = io.BytesIO(p.stdout)
im = Image.open(data)
im.load()
return im
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# standard mode descriptors
#
# History:
# 2006-03-20 fl Added
#
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import NamedTuple
from ._deprecate import deprecate
class ModeDescriptor(NamedTuple):
"""Wrapper for mode strings."""
mode: str
bands: tuple[str, ...]
basemode: str
basetype: str
typestr: str
def __str__(self) -> str:
return self.mode
@lru_cache
def getmode(mode: str) -> ModeDescriptor:
"""Gets a mode descriptor for the given mode."""
endian = "<" if sys.byteorder == "little" else ">"
modes = {
# core modes
# Bits need to be extended to bytes
"1": ("L", "L", ("1",), "|b1"),
"L": ("L", "L", ("L",), "|u1"),
"I": ("L", "I", ("I",), f"{endian}i4"),
"F": ("L", "F", ("F",), f"{endian}f4"),
"P": ("P", "L", ("P",), "|u1"),
"RGB": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B"), "|u1"),
"RGBX": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "X"), "|u1"),
"RGBA": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "A"), "|u1"),
"CMYK": ("RGB", "L", ("C", "M", "Y", "K"), "|u1"),
"YCbCr": ("RGB", "L", ("Y", "Cb", "Cr"), "|u1"),
# UNDONE - unsigned |u1i1i1
"LAB": ("RGB", "L", ("L", "A", "B"), "|u1"),
"HSV": ("RGB", "L", ("H", "S", "V"), "|u1"),
# extra experimental modes
"RGBa": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "a"), "|u1"),
"BGR;15": ("RGB", "L", ("B", "G", "R"), "|u1"),
"BGR;16": ("RGB", "L", ("B", "G", "R"), "|u1"),
"BGR;24": ("RGB", "L", ("B", "G", "R"), "|u1"),
"LA": ("L", "L", ("L", "A"), "|u1"),
"La": ("L", "L", ("L", "a"), "|u1"),
"PA": ("RGB", "L", ("P", "A"), "|u1"),
}
if mode in modes:
if mode in ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"):
deprecate(mode, 12)
base_mode, base_type, bands, type_str = modes[mode]
return ModeDescriptor(mode, bands, base_mode, base_type, type_str)
mapping_modes = {
# I;16 == I;16L, and I;32 == I;32L
"I;16": "<u2",
"I;16S": "<i2",
"I;16L": "<u2",
"I;16LS": "<i2",
"I;16B": ">u2",
"I;16BS": ">i2",
"I;16N": f"{endian}u2",
"I;16NS": f"{endian}i2",
"I;32": "<u4",
"I;32B": ">u4",
"I;32L": "<u4",
"I;32S": "<i4",
"I;32BS": ">i4",
"I;32LS": "<i4",
}
type_str = mapping_modes[mode]
return ModeDescriptor(mode, ("I",), "L", "L", type_str)
# A binary morphology add-on for the Python Imaging Library
#
# History:
# 2014-06-04 Initial version.
#
# Copyright (c) 2014 Dov Grobgeld <dov.grobgeld@gmail.com>
from __future__ import annotations
import re
from . import Image, _imagingmorph
LUT_SIZE = 1 << 9
# fmt: off
ROTATION_MATRIX = [
6, 3, 0,
7, 4, 1,
8, 5, 2,
]
MIRROR_MATRIX = [
2, 1, 0,
5, 4, 3,
8, 7, 6,
]
# fmt: on
class LutBuilder:
"""A class for building a MorphLut from a descriptive language
The input patterns is a list of a strings sequences like these::
4:(...
.1.
111)->1
(whitespaces including linebreaks are ignored). The option 4
describes a series of symmetry operations (in this case a
4-rotation), the pattern is described by:
- . or X - Ignore
- 1 - Pixel is on
- 0 - Pixel is off
The result of the operation is described after "->" string.
The default is to return the current pixel value, which is
returned if no other match is found.
Operations:
- 4 - 4 way rotation
- N - Negate
- 1 - Dummy op for no other operation (an op must always be given)
- M - Mirroring
Example::
lb = LutBuilder(patterns = ["4:(... .1. 111)->1"])
lut = lb.build_lut()
"""
def __init__(
self, patterns: list[str] | None = None, op_name: str | None = None
) -> None:
if patterns is not None:
self.patterns = patterns
else:
self.patterns = []
self.lut: bytearray | None = None
if op_name is not None:
known_patterns = {
"corner": ["1:(... ... ...)->0", "4:(00. 01. ...)->1"],
"dilation4": ["4:(... .0. .1.)->1"],
"dilation8": ["4:(... .0. .1.)->1", "4:(... .0. ..1)->1"],
"erosion4": ["4:(... .1. .0.)->0"],
"erosion8": ["4:(... .1. .0.)->0", "4:(... .1. ..0)->0"],
"edge": [
"1:(... ... ...)->0",
"4:(.0. .1. ...)->1",
"4:(01. .1. ...)->1",
],
}
if op_name not in known_patterns:
msg = f"Unknown pattern {op_name}!"
raise Exception(msg)
self.patterns = known_patterns[op_name]
def add_patterns(self, patterns: list[str]) -> None:
self.patterns += patterns
def build_default_lut(self) -> None:
symbols = [0, 1]
m = 1 << 4 # pos of current pixel
self.lut = bytearray(symbols[(i & m) > 0] for i in range(LUT_SIZE))
def get_lut(self) -> bytearray | None:
return self.lut
def _string_permute(self, pattern: str, permutation: list[int]) -> str:
"""string_permute takes a pattern and a permutation and returns the
string permuted according to the permutation list.
"""
assert len(permutation) == 9
return "".join(pattern[p] for p in permutation)
def _pattern_permute(
self, basic_pattern: str, options: str, basic_result: int
) -> list[tuple[str, int]]:
"""pattern_permute takes a basic pattern and its result and clones
the pattern according to the modifications described in the $options
parameter. It returns a list of all cloned patterns."""
patterns = [(basic_pattern, basic_result)]
# rotations
if "4" in options:
res = patterns[-1][1]
for i in range(4):
patterns.append(
(self._string_permute(patterns[-1][0], ROTATION_MATRIX), res)
)
# mirror
if "M" in options:
n = len(patterns)
for pattern, res in patterns[:n]:
patterns.append((self._string_permute(pattern, MIRROR_MATRIX), res))
# negate
if "N" in options:
n = len(patterns)
for pattern, res in patterns[:n]:
# Swap 0 and 1
pattern = pattern.replace("0", "Z").replace("1", "0").replace("Z", "1")
res = 1 - int(res)
patterns.append((pattern, res))
return patterns
def build_lut(self) -> bytearray:
"""Compile all patterns into a morphology lut.
TBD :Build based on (file) morphlut:modify_lut
"""
self.build_default_lut()
assert self.lut is not None
patterns = []
# Parse and create symmetries of the patterns strings
for p in self.patterns:
m = re.search(r"(\w*):?\s*\((.+?)\)\s*->\s*(\d)", p.replace("\n", ""))
if not m:
msg = 'Syntax error in pattern "' + p + '"'
raise Exception(msg)
options = m.group(1)
pattern = m.group(2)
result = int(m.group(3))
# Get rid of spaces
pattern = pattern.replace(" ", "").replace("\n", "")
patterns += self._pattern_permute(pattern, options, result)
# compile the patterns into regular expressions for speed
compiled_patterns = []
for pattern in patterns:
p = pattern[0].replace(".", "X").replace("X", "[01]")
compiled_patterns.append((re.compile(p), pattern[1]))
# Step through table and find patterns that match.
# Note that all the patterns are searched. The last one
# caught overrides
for i in range(LUT_SIZE):
# Build the bit pattern
bitpattern = bin(i)[2:]
bitpattern = ("0" * (9 - len(bitpattern)) + bitpattern)[::-1]
for pattern, r in compiled_patterns:
if pattern.match(bitpattern):
self.lut[i] = [0, 1][r]
return self.lut
class MorphOp:
"""A class for binary morphological operators"""
def __init__(
self,
lut: bytearray | None = None,
op_name: str | None = None,
patterns: list[str] | None = None,
) -> None:
"""Create a binary morphological operator"""
self.lut = lut
if op_name is not None:
self.lut = LutBuilder(op_name=op_name).build_lut()
elif patterns is not None:
self.lut = LutBuilder(patterns=patterns).build_lut()
def apply(self, image: Image.Image) -> tuple[int, Image.Image]:
"""Run a single morphological operation on an image
Returns a tuple of the number of changed pixels and the
morphed image"""
if self.lut is None:
msg = "No operator loaded"
raise Exception(msg)
if image.mode != "L":
msg = "Image mode must be L"
raise ValueError(msg)
outimage = Image.new(image.mode, image.size, None)
count = _imagingmorph.apply(bytes(self.lut), image.im.id, outimage.im.id)
return count, outimage
def match(self, image: Image.Image) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
"""Get a list of coordinates matching the morphological operation on
an image.
Returns a list of tuples of (x,y) coordinates
of all matching pixels. See :ref:`coordinate-system`."""
if self.lut is None:
msg = "No operator loaded"
raise Exception(msg)
if image.mode != "L":
msg = "Image mode must be L"
raise ValueError(msg)
return _imagingmorph.match(bytes(self.lut), image.im.id)
def get_on_pixels(self, image: Image.Image) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
"""Get a list of all turned on pixels in a binary image
Returns a list of tuples of (x,y) coordinates
of all matching pixels. See :ref:`coordinate-system`."""
if image.mode != "L":
msg = "Image mode must be L"
raise ValueError(msg)
return _imagingmorph.get_on_pixels(image.im.id)
def load_lut(self, filename: str) -> None:
"""Load an operator from an mrl file"""
with open(filename, "rb") as f:
self.lut = bytearray(f.read())
if len(self.lut) != LUT_SIZE:
self.lut = None
msg = "Wrong size operator file!"
raise Exception(msg)
def save_lut(self, filename: str) -> None:
"""Save an operator to an mrl file"""
if self.lut is None:
msg = "No operator loaded"
raise Exception(msg)
with open(filename, "wb") as f:
f.write(self.lut)
def set_lut(self, lut: bytearray | None) -> None:
"""Set the lut from an external source"""
self.lut = lut
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# image palette object
#
# History:
# 1996-03-11 fl Rewritten.
# 1997-01-03 fl Up and running.
# 1997-08-23 fl Added load hack
# 2001-04-16 fl Fixed randint shadow bug in random()
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import array
from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Sequence
from . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from . import Image
class ImagePalette:
"""
Color palette for palette mapped images
:param mode: The mode to use for the palette. See:
:ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to "RGB"
:param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,
an array or a list of ints between 0-255. The list must consist of
all channels for one color followed by the next color (e.g. RGBRGBRGB).
Defaults to an empty palette.
"""
def __init__(
self,
mode: str = "RGB",
palette: Sequence[int] | bytes | bytearray | None = None,
) -> None:
self.mode = mode
self.rawmode: str | None = None # if set, palette contains raw data
self.palette = palette or bytearray()
self.dirty: int | None = None
@property
def palette(self) -> Sequence[int] | bytes | bytearray:
return self._palette
@palette.setter
def palette(self, palette: Sequence[int] | bytes | bytearray) -> None:
self._colors: dict[tuple[int, ...], int] | None = None
self._palette = palette
@property
def colors(self) -> dict[tuple[int, ...], int]:
if self._colors is None:
mode_len = len(self.mode)
self._colors = {}
for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):
color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])
if color in self._colors:
continue
self._colors[color] = i // mode_len
return self._colors
@colors.setter
def colors(self, colors: dict[tuple[int, ...], int]) -> None:
self._colors = colors
def copy(self) -> ImagePalette:
new = ImagePalette()
new.mode = self.mode
new.rawmode = self.rawmode
if self.palette is not None:
new.palette = self.palette[:]
new.dirty = self.dirty
return new
def getdata(self) -> tuple[str, Sequence[int] | bytes | bytearray]:
"""
Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level
``im.putpalette`` primitive.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
return self.rawmode, self.palette
return self.mode, self.tobytes()
def tobytes(self) -> bytes:
"""Convert palette to bytes.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
msg = "palette contains raw palette data"
raise ValueError(msg)
if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):
return self.palette
arr = array.array("B", self.palette)
return arr.tobytes()
# Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes
tostring = tobytes
def _new_color_index(
self, image: Image.Image | None = None, e: Exception | None = None
) -> int:
if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):
self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)
index = len(self.palette) // 3
special_colors: tuple[int | tuple[int, ...] | None, ...] = ()
if image:
special_colors = (
image.info.get("background"),
image.info.get("transparency"),
)
while index in special_colors:
index += 1
if index >= 256:
if image:
# Search for an unused index
for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):
if count == 0 and i not in special_colors:
index = i
break
if index >= 256:
msg = "cannot allocate more than 256 colors"
raise ValueError(msg) from e
return index
def getcolor(
self,
color: tuple[int, ...],
image: Image.Image | None = None,
) -> int:
"""Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
msg = "palette contains raw palette data"
raise ValueError(msg)
if isinstance(color, tuple):
if self.mode == "RGB":
if len(color) == 4:
if color[3] != 255:
msg = "cannot add non-opaque RGBA color to RGB palette"
raise ValueError(msg)
color = color[:3]
elif self.mode == "RGBA":
if len(color) == 3:
color += (255,)
try:
return self.colors[color]
except KeyError as e:
# allocate new color slot
index = self._new_color_index(image, e)
assert isinstance(self._palette, bytearray)
self.colors[color] = index
if index * 3 < len(self.palette):
self._palette = (
self._palette[: index * 3]
+ bytes(color)
+ self._palette[index * 3 + 3 :]
)
else:
self._palette += bytes(color)
self.dirty = 1
return index
else:
msg = f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}" # type: ignore[unreachable]
raise ValueError(msg)
def save(self, fp: str | IO[str]) -> None:
"""Save palette to text file.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
msg = "palette contains raw palette data"
raise ValueError(msg)
if isinstance(fp, str):
fp = open(fp, "w")
fp.write("# Palette\n")
fp.write(f"# Mode: {self.mode}\n")
for i in range(256):
fp.write(f"{i}")
for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):
try:
fp.write(f" {self.palette[j]}")
except IndexError:
fp.write(" 0")
fp.write("\n")
fp.close()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Internal
def raw(rawmode, data: Sequence[int] | bytes | bytearray) -> ImagePalette:
palette = ImagePalette()
palette.rawmode = rawmode
palette.palette = data
palette.dirty = 1
return palette
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Factories
def make_linear_lut(black: int, white: float) -> list[int]:
if black == 0:
return [int(white * i // 255) for i in range(256)]
msg = "unavailable when black is non-zero"
raise NotImplementedError(msg) # FIXME
def make_gamma_lut(exp: float) -> list[int]:
return [int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5) for i in range(256)]
def negative(mode: str = "RGB") -> ImagePalette:
palette = list(range(256 * len(mode)))
palette.reverse()
return ImagePalette(mode, [i // len(mode) for i in palette])
def random(mode: str = "RGB") -> ImagePalette:
from random import randint
palette = [randint(0, 255) for _ in range(256 * len(mode))]
return ImagePalette(mode, palette)
def sepia(white: str = "#fff0c0") -> ImagePalette:
bands = [make_linear_lut(0, band) for band in ImageColor.getrgb(white)]
return ImagePalette("RGB", [bands[i % 3][i // 3] for i in range(256 * 3)])
def wedge(mode: str = "RGB") -> ImagePalette:
palette = list(range(256 * len(mode)))
return ImagePalette(mode, [i // len(mode) for i in palette])
def load(filename: str) -> tuple[bytes, str]:
# FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only
with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
paletteHandlers: list[
type[
GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile
| GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile
| PaletteFile.PaletteFile
]
] = [
GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,
GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,
PaletteFile.PaletteFile,
]
for paletteHandler in paletteHandlers:
try:
fp.seek(0)
lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()
if lut:
break
except (SyntaxError, ValueError):
pass
else:
msg = "cannot load palette"
raise OSError(msg)
return lut # data, rawmode
#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# path interface
#
# History:
# 1996-11-04 fl Created
# 2002-04-14 fl Added documentation stub class
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 1997.
# Copyright (c) Fredrik Lundh 1996.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
from . import Image
Path = Image.core.path
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# a simple Qt image interface.
#
# history:
# 2006-06-03 fl: created
# 2006-06-04 fl: inherit from QImage instead of wrapping it
# 2006-06-05 fl: removed toimage helper; move string support to ImageQt
# 2013-11-13 fl: add support for Qt5 (aurelien.ballier@cyclonit.com)
#
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 2006 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from io import BytesIO
from typing import Callable
from . import Image
from ._util import is_path
qt_version: str | None
qt_versions = [
["6", "PyQt6"],
["side6", "PySide6"],
]
# If a version has already been imported, attempt it first
qt_versions.sort(key=lambda version: version[1] in sys.modules, reverse=True)
for version, qt_module in qt_versions:
try:
QBuffer: type
QIODevice: type
QImage: type
QPixmap: type
qRgba: Callable[[int, int, int, int], int]
if qt_module == "PyQt6":
from PyQt6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
from PyQt6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
elif qt_module == "PySide6":
from PySide6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
continue
qt_is_installed = True
qt_version = version
break
else:
qt_is_installed = False
qt_version = None
def rgb(r, g, b, a=255):
"""(Internal) Turns an RGB color into a Qt compatible color integer."""
# use qRgb to pack the colors, and then turn the resulting long
# into a negative integer with the same bitpattern.
return qRgba(r, g, b, a) & 0xFFFFFFFF
def fromqimage(im):
"""
:param im: QImage or PIL ImageQt object
"""
buffer = QBuffer()
if qt_version == "6":
try:
qt_openmode = QIODevice.OpenModeFlag
except AttributeError:
qt_openmode = QIODevice.OpenMode
else:
qt_openmode = QIODevice
buffer.open(qt_openmode.ReadWrite)
# preserve alpha channel with png
# otherwise ppm is more friendly with Image.open
if im.hasAlphaChannel():
im.save(buffer, "png")
else:
im.save(buffer, "ppm")
b = BytesIO()
b.write(buffer.data())
buffer.close()
b.seek(0)
return Image.open(b)
def fromqpixmap(im):
return fromqimage(im)
def align8to32(bytes, width, mode):
"""
converts each scanline of data from 8 bit to 32 bit aligned
"""
bits_per_pixel = {"1": 1, "L": 8, "P": 8, "I;16": 16}[mode]
# calculate bytes per line and the extra padding if needed
bits_per_line = bits_per_pixel * width
full_bytes_per_line, remaining_bits_per_line = divmod(bits_per_line, 8)
bytes_per_line = full_bytes_per_line + (1 if remaining_bits_per_line else 0)
extra_padding = -bytes_per_line % 4
# already 32 bit aligned by luck
if not extra_padding:
return bytes
new_data = [
bytes[i * bytes_per_line : (i + 1) * bytes_per_line] + b"\x00" * extra_padding
for i in range(len(bytes) // bytes_per_line)
]
return b"".join(new_data)
def _toqclass_helper(im):
data = None
colortable = None
exclusive_fp = False
# handle filename, if given instead of image name
if hasattr(im, "toUtf8"):
# FIXME - is this really the best way to do this?
im = str(im.toUtf8(), "utf-8")
if is_path(im):
im = Image.open(im)
exclusive_fp = True
qt_format = QImage.Format if qt_version == "6" else QImage
if im.mode == "1":
format = qt_format.Format_Mono
elif im.mode == "L":
format = qt_format.Format_Indexed8
colortable = [rgb(i, i, i) for i in range(256)]
elif im.mode == "P":
format = qt_format.Format_Indexed8
palette = im.getpalette()
colortable = [rgb(*palette[i : i + 3]) for i in range(0, len(palette), 3)]
elif im.mode == "RGB":
# Populate the 4th channel with 255
im = im.convert("RGBA")
data = im.tobytes("raw", "BGRA")
format = qt_format.Format_RGB32
elif im.mode == "RGBA":
data = im.tobytes("raw", "BGRA")
format = qt_format.Format_ARGB32
elif im.mode == "I;16":
im = im.point(lambda i: i * 256)
format = qt_format.Format_Grayscale16
else:
if exclusive_fp:
im.close()
msg = f"unsupported image mode {repr(im.mode)}"
raise ValueError(msg)
size = im.size
__data = data or align8to32(im.tobytes(), size[0], im.mode)
if exclusive_fp:
im.close()
return {"data": __data, "size": size, "format": format, "colortable": colortable}
if qt_is_installed:
class ImageQt(QImage):
def __init__(self, im):
"""
An PIL image wrapper for Qt. This is a subclass of PyQt's QImage
class.
:param im: A PIL Image object, or a file name (given either as
Python string or a PyQt string object).
"""
im_data = _toqclass_helper(im)
# must keep a reference, or Qt will crash!
# All QImage constructors that take data operate on an existing
# buffer, so this buffer has to hang on for the life of the image.
# Fixes https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1370
self.__data = im_data["data"]
super().__init__(
self.__data,
im_data["size"][0],
im_data["size"][1],
im_data["format"],
)
if im_data["colortable"]:
self.setColorTable(im_data["colortable"])
def toqimage(im) -> ImageQt:
return ImageQt(im)
def toqpixmap(im):
qimage = toqimage(im)
return QPixmap.fromImage(qimage)
#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# sequence support classes
#
# history:
# 1997-02-20 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) 1997 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1997 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
##
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import Callable
from . import Image
class Iterator:
"""
This class implements an iterator object that can be used to loop
over an image sequence.
You can use the ``[]`` operator to access elements by index. This operator
will raise an :py:exc:`IndexError` if you try to access a nonexistent
frame.
:param im: An image object.
"""
def __init__(self, im: Image.Image):
if not hasattr(im, "seek"):
msg = "im must have seek method"
raise AttributeError(msg)
self.im = im
self.position = getattr(self.im, "_min_frame", 0)
def __getitem__(self, ix: int) -> Image.Image:
try:
self.im.seek(ix)
return self.im
except EOFError as e:
msg = "end of sequence"
raise IndexError(msg) from e
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator:
return self
def __next__(self) -> Image.Image:
try:
self.im.seek(self.position)
self.position += 1
return self.im
except EOFError as e:
msg = "end of sequence"
raise StopIteration(msg) from e
def all_frames(
im: Image.Image | list[Image.Image],
func: Callable[[Image.Image], Image.Image] | None = None,
) -> list[Image.Image]:
"""
Applies a given function to all frames in an image or a list of images.
The frames are returned as a list of separate images.
:param im: An image, or a list of images.
:param func: The function to apply to all of the image frames.
:returns: A list of images.
"""
if not isinstance(im, list):
im = [im]
ims = []
for imSequence in im:
current = imSequence.tell()
ims += [im_frame.copy() for im_frame in Iterator(imSequence)]
imSequence.seek(current)
return [func(im) for im in ims] if func else ims
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